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Sykora Coat of Arms / Sykora Family CrestThis surname of SYKORA is a Polish and Ashkenazic Jewish nickname for a small dark person. The name was derived from the Polish word SIKORA (titmouse, coalmouse). The name is also spelt SIKORSKI and SYKORA. Surnames having a derivation from nicknames form the broadest and most miscellaneous class of surnames, encompassing many different types of origin. The most typical classes refer adjectivally to the general physical aspect of the person concerned, or to his character. Many nicknames refer to a man's size or height, while others make reference to a favoured article of clothing or style of dress. Many surnames derived from the names of animals and birds. In the Middle Ages ideas were held about the characters of other living creatures, based on observation, and these associations were reflected and reinforced by large bodies of folk tales featuring animals behaving as humans. A notable member of the name was Igor Ivan SIKORSKY (1889-1972) the Russian-born American aeronautical engineer, born in Kiev. He began experimenting with building helicopters in 1909, but turned to aircraft, and built and flew the first four-engined aeroplane in 1913. He emigrated to Paris in 1918 and to the United States in 1919, and founded the SIKORSKY Aero Engineering Corporation in 1923 which later was merged into the United Aircraft Corporation. He built several flying-boats, including the 'American Clipper'; and in 1939 he finally built the first successful helicopter, the VS-300. Russian surnames are almost exclusively patronymic (occasionally metronymic) in form, usually ending in 'ov' or 'ev'. Habitation and topographic names are rare, and many common Russian surnames are polygenetic, and their literal meaning is clear, even though the reason for their adoption may not be. Heraldry appeared later in Russia than in most other Western European countries. It is generally agreed that it was copied from the west sometime in the late 17th century, and quickly achieved state significance. In 1722 Emperor Peter I (The Great) established an official Heraldry Office headed by a Master of Heraldry under the jurisdiction of the Senate, and granted 355 armorial bearings in the 18th century. |
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