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  Hardenbrook Coat of Arms / Hardenbrook Family CrestThis German and Dutch surname of HARDENBROOK is a habitation name from any of various places, especially one near Gottingen, so called from the elements HARD (difficult, inaccessible) + BROOK. The name is also spelt HARDENBERG. Hereditary surnames were originally imported from France into England during the Norman Conquest of 1066. In the two centuries or so after the Conquest surnames were acquired by most families of major landholders, and many landed families of lesser importance. There appears to have been a constant trickle of migration into Britain between about the years 1200 and 150O, mostly from France and the Low Countries, with a small number of migrants from Scandinavia, Germany, Italy and the Iberian peninsular, and occasional individuals from further afield. During this period groups of aliens settled in this country as for example, the Germans who from the late 15th century onwards settled in Cumbria to work the metal mines. Immigration during this time had only a small effect on the body of surnames used in Britain. In many cases, the surnames of immigrants were thoroughly Anglicised. The late sixteenth century saw the arrival, mostly in London and the south-coast ports of large numbers of people fleeing from the war regions of France. The real name of the German Romantic novelist 'NOVALIS' was Friedrich, Freiherr von HARDENBERG (1772-1801). He was a member of the Lower Saxon nobility, and his family had an estate at Grossenrode, the name of which means 'great clearing'. From this his ancestors devised a Latin version of their name 'de Novalis of the clearing' which was adopted by the writer. In the Middle Ages heraldry came into use as a practical matter. It originated in the devices used to distinguish the armoured warriors in tournament and war, and was also placed on seals as marks of identity. As far as records show, true heraldry began in the middle of the 12th century, and appeared almost simultaneously in several countries of Western Europe. |
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