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  Crookshank Family Crest / Crookshank Coat of ArmsThe surname of CROOKSHANK was mainly connected with Kincardine and Aberdeen, the former having the river Cruik rising through the parish of Fearn. The name was originally derived from the Norman KROKR, and was brought into Scotland in the wake of the Norman Invasion of 1066. Scottish surnames fall into two quite distinct groups; those of Gaelic origin and those of English origin. The Gaelic language was brought to Scotland from Ireland around the 5th century AD, displacing the British language (an early form of Welsh) previously spoken there as well as elsewhere. Gaelic was the main language of that part of Scotland not subject to English influence, a rather more extensive area than the present day Highlands and Islands, where Gaelic is still spoken in places. It is from these northwestern and western area of Scotland that surnames of Gaelic origin, now almost universally Anglicized in form, have been disseminated around the world. In many parts of central and western Europe, hereditary surnames began to become fixed at around the 12th century, and have developed and changed slowly over the years. As society became more complex, and such matters as the management of tenure, and in particular the collection of taxes were delegated to special functionaries, it became imperative to distinguish a more complex system of nomenclature to differentiate one individual from another. Early records of the name mention John Crokeshanks, burgess of Haddington, 1296. Cristinus Cruksank was admitted burgess of Aberdeen in 1408. Adam Crukshank was vicar of Crovdane in 1414. John Crewkshanks was a tailor in Aberdeen in the year 1688. The bulk of European surnames in countries such as England, Scotland and France were formed in the 13th and 14th centuries. The process started earlier and continued in some places into the 19th century, but the norm is that in the 11th century people did not have surnames, whereas by the 15th century they did. The associated arms are recorded in Sir Bernard Burkes General Armory. Ulster King of Arms in 1884. |
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